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操作系统：CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1611
虚拟机：VMware® Workstation 12 Pro；12.5.5 build-5234757
服务器：node1（User1），node2（User2）
node1 服务器用户 User1 可通过 SSH ，免密钥登录服务器 node2 的 User2 账户；
默认情况下，node1 上的用户 User1 想连接 node2，需要输入密码，如下：
1 [User1@localhost ~]$ ssh User2@node2 2 The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.126.141)' can't be established. 3 ECDSA key fingerprint is 0c:f2:1d:5b:0a:ea:38:43:e7:d2:07:28:d8:05:8a:d6. 4 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes 5 Warning: Permanently added 'node2,192.168.126.141' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. 6 User2@node2's password: 7 Last login: Fri Feb 2 17:03:45 2018
1、现在通过用户 User1 在 node1 的 /home/User1 目录下生成一对公钥和私钥：
1 [User1@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa 2 Generating public/private rsa key pair. 3 Enter file in which to save the key (/home/User1/.ssh/id_rsa): 4 Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 5 Enter same passphrase again: 6 Your identification has been saved in /home/User1/.ssh/id_rsa. 7 Your public key has been saved in /home/User1/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. 8 The key fingerprint is: 9 ff:cc:0e:22:aa:79:54:d3:15:90:bd:98:2b:26:e1:35 User1@localhost.localdomain 10 The key's randomart image is: 11 +--[ RSA 2048]----+ 12 | .+.. | 13 | . o | 14 | . + . | 15 | . E + . | 16 | . + oS. | 17 | + o .. | 18 | . o... o | 19 | ... . . = | 20 | oo. .= | 21 +-----------------+
2、然后将公钥上传给 node2 的 User2 用户：
1 [User1@localhost ~]$ ssh-copy-id User2@node2 2 /bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed 3 /bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys 4 User2@node2's password: 5 6 Number of key(s) added: 1 7 8 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'User2@node2'" 9 and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
3、登录验证成功：
说明：
1、此时 node1 上用户 User1 的私钥文件内容（id_rsa.pub）会追加到 node2 上用户 User2 的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中：
2、还可以通过 scp 命令，将 node1 服务器上的公钥拷贝到 node2 服务器上，然后追加到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys，
1 scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub User2@node2:~/
3、还可以通过 cat 命令直接追加：
1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh -P 22 User2@node2 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'
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